Osteoporosis is one of the most common and serious disease of the musculoskeletal system. Due to the aging of the population osteoporosis is becoming a growing problem throughout the world. The onset of the disease is silent and insidious with the diognosis often only being made after there is irreversible damage resulting from a fracture. Thus it is highly desirable to develop sensitive and reliable methods for the early diognosis. Several serum and urine biochemical markers of bone resorption and formation have been developed and can be served for monitoring bone loss, bone reformation and the effectiveness of therapy in patients of osteoporosis. In the future biochemical markers may provide important information on fracture risks as well.