Objective: Hyperphosphatemia and high calcium X phosphate product are significant and common risk factors of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, the relationship is not clear between increased risk and hyperphosphatemia and elevated calcium...

Objective: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading causes of death worldwide. After understanding the importance of inflammation in the pathogenesis, CRP usage has been increased for the determination of cardiovascular risk. As an inflammation marker, the relationship...

Aim: Lipid profile is used to determine the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and to monitor treatment. Reference change value (RCV) represents the clinical significance of the variation between the results of two consecutive tests and laboratory test results exceeding...

Objective: Smoking is one of the most important cause of cardiovascular disease and known as a preventable risk factor. Lipoproteins especially LDL has an important role in cardiovascular disease. Normally high density lipoproteins protect LDL from oxidation; proinflammatory...

Objective: After proving that chronic low grade inflammation is an important component of atherosclerotic process, C-reactive protein (CRP) has been started to be used for atherosclerotic vascular disease risk determination together with the other risk factors. In practice, to...

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an amino acid that looks like arginine and exists in plasma, urine and tissues. ADMA occurs naturally by methylation of arginine remnants in proteins and the studies about it increases every day. ADMA, as a major inhibitor of nitric oxide sentase is...

Objective: The prevalence of coronary artery disease is much higher in men than in women and sex hormones might play a role in these differences via their influence on lipid profile. However, the role of sex hormones in the relationship between male gender and cardiovascular...

Aim: Smoking is accepted as a risk factor for primary chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and respiratory system diseases and for cancer development. The aim of this study was to indicate the increase in inflammation in smokers by using high-sensitivity...

Objective: Plasminogen activator inhibitor type I (PAI-1) an inhibitor of fibrinolysis and an important and independent cardiovascular risk factor, has been shown to be elevated in obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate plasma PAI-1 levels in obese subjects and to...

Objective: It is well known that chronic inflammation is an important factor of the process which leads to atherosclerosis. While leading to atherosclerosis inflammation can cause acute phase response as well. CRP, serologic indicator of inflamation, synthesized in liver, is...

Objective: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a group of symptoms for acute myocardial ischemia. The RDW (red cell distribution width), recently described as a novel risk marker, has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and routinely reported as part...

Aim: Raynaud's phenomenon is characterized by transient reduction in blood supply through the small arteries in the hands and feet. Secondary Raynaud's phenomenon accompanies collagen vascular diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and scleroderma. The relationship between...

Objectives: Despite various studies on the effect of thyroid status on insulin sensitivity in recent years, there are conflicting data. Thyroid dysfunction leads to changes in glucose and lipid metabolism, which is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. For this...

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Vascular calcification (VC) is the most important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality both in the general population and CKD. VC is mainly associated with mineral metabolism and...

Hyperhomocysteinemia is a recently recognized independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Although the mechanism of vascular damage in hyperhomocysteinemia has not been completely understood, it may lead to this condition by increasing free radical production and lipid peroxidation,...

Objective: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Platelet (PLT) activation and thrombosis have important roles in the process of atherosclerosis that is one of the most important cause of acute ischaemic...

Objective: In addition to important roles of vitamin D on regulation of bone and mineral metabolism, recent studies have shown that Vitamin D is necessary for many biological actions. The aim of this study was to determine whether Vit D levels have any effects on lipid...

Objective: Metabolic syndrome is a comorbidity of insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, abdominal obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia and associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The secretion of adipocytokines such as leptin and adiponectin...

In chronic renal failure, high plasma homocysteine levels are a common finding and in uremia almost the rule. The cause of hyperhomocysteinemia in ESRD (end stage renal disease) whether it lies in an impared renal or extrarenal metabolism or through uremic retention toxins, is still under...

Aim: To investigate the presence of oxidative stress and dyslipidemia, which increase cardiovascular risk, and the effect of gonadotropin replacement therapy on these parameters in patients with Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (IHH).

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